Qualitaly_105

JUN. JUL 2018 VII are forced to give up work and / or leisure (we are the penultimate place for the female employment rate in the European Union, 49%, second only to Greece, the European average is 61%) and a welfare that fails to support women and mothers of families. Despite the fact that Article 37 of our Constitution grants female workers the same rights as their ‘colleagues’ of the other sex, in Italy there is a wide gender gap, a term that groups together all the differences that concern economic, social, educational and job access conditions, and which follow each sex gender. According to the Global Gender Gap Report 2017, an annual report published by the World Economic Forum that analyses the situation country by country, Italy is 82nd, lower than Rwanda and the Philippines. According to the Italian Mothers’ Index with 3 indicators - care, work, services - becoming a mother in our country still means putting one’s economic, social and professional situation at risk, a discrimination that can get worse depending on the region of origin: 37% of mothers between 25 and 49 years of age are inactive (the number rises to 44% if we take into account the 15-64 age group). In the first year of the child’s life, 14% leave work. But the point is not only keeping the job but also the access to the job market and the vexed question of the connected salary: the “pay gender gap”, on paper, sees Italy in 103rd place for disparity in income, considering every day worked, despite the fact that women exceed men: 512 minutes against 453 minutes for a male colleague. Almost 30,000 women resign because they are unable to reconcile a child (under 3 years) with work, perhaps because of lack of access to a nursery (in Italy only 12.6% of children attend a nursery, 45% of municipalities do not offer any public service). A similar argument for women managers under 50, of whom only 1 in 2 manages to achieve the so-called work-family life balance. In addition to the other difficulties that the “Women’s world” suffers: from the Istat report sexism and harassment at work between 2015-2016, 1 million 404 thousand women, especially the youngest and most educated, have suffered physical harassment or sexual blackmail in the workplace. Female employment is 18% lower than the male employment rate (the gap in the EU is 10%); one-third of those employed have a part-time job, which could also be convenient in terms of welfare and family time management, but in 59% part-time is “involuntary” or WOMEN’S WORK IN PUBLIC ESTABLISHMENTS Women vs. men Working hours Type of contract Age of which 72,0% Part time 77,3% 4,6% 18,1% 20,7% <=20 20-30 30-40 40-50 60-60 >60 30,0% 23,4% 18,5% 7,0% 0,6% T Permanent Seasonal Seasonal T Indefinite 28,0% Full time 52,3% females 47,7% males Self-employed workers 394.435 Main sectors employed female 124.363 nei Bars 183.632 nei Restaurants 86.440 Other 31,5% 46,6%